This is the final test of the course. Complete the test with a score of 70% or more to be awarded the course certificate. Good luck!
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Skim read the text and then complete the summary below by scanning for the answers.
While tea slowly became more common in coffeehouses during the second half of the 17th century, the first tea shop in London did not open until the early 18th century. Thomas Twining’s tea shop has been claimed as the first, opening in 1706, and still remains at 216 Strand, London, to this day. In between tea’s earliest mentions in England and its widespread popularity little over a century later, many factors contributed to the craze for this previously unknown foreign commodity.
When tea was first introduced to England, the British East India Company was not directly trading with China and merchants relied on tea imports from Holland. Because this tea was so expensive and difficult to get, there was very little demand for it, except among the elite who could afford it and made special orders. It was not until after 1700 that the British East India Company began to trade regularly with China and ordering tea, though not in large quantities. The tea trade was actually a side effect of the silk and textile trade because these were the Chinese commodities that were most desired at the time. In 1720, however, Parliament banned the importation of finished Asian textiles and traders began to focus on tea instead.
This new focus marked a turning point for the English tea trade and is arguably why tea became more popular than coffee. Once the British East India company focused on tea as its main import, tea soon attained price stability. Conversely, the price of coffee remained unpredictable and high, allowing tea to grow in popularity before coffee became more accessible. Furthermore, the rising demand for tea and sugar was easily met with increased supply as the tea industry grew in India, which prevented sharp price increases that would have discouraged people from buying it. In fact, the price of tea actually fell as it was becoming more popular among the upper-middle and middle classes. The significant drop in tea’s price between 1720 and 1750 was a major turning point for tea in England. The increase in supply of tea was one of the most important factors that boosted its popularity in Britain and opened up the world of tea to new levels of society. Interestingly, this occurred at the same time that sugar was also dropping in price due to Britain’s extensive sugar plantations in the Caribbean and so the two became closely associated in British culture.
Questions 1-6
Complete the text with the words below. There are more words (8) than you need (6).
Summary:
Tea was a largely unknown 1. _______ in the seventeenth century. Opening in 1706, Twining’s tea shop was the first in London and it helped to popularize the drink. At this time, tea was imported via Holland as there was no direct China trade. This pushed up the price and so 2. _______ was low except for amongst the upper class. After the British parliament banned the trade in Chinese 3. _______ , the East India Company started importing tea in larger amounts. Tea became more accessible for the middle classes and its price 4. _______ dramatically. Unlike tea, the price of coffee 5. _______ which made it less popular. At the same time tea was becoming more popular, so was 6. _______ and that is why many British people like to drink sweet tea.
1.
Skim read the text and then complete the summary below by scanning for the answers.
While tea slowly became more common in coffeehouses during the second half of the 17th century, the first tea shop in London did not open until the early 18th century. Thomas Twining’s tea shop has been claimed as the first, opening in 1706, and still remains at 216 Strand, London, to this day. In between tea’s earliest mentions in England and its widespread popularity little over a century later, many factors contributed to the craze for this previously unknown foreign commodity.
When tea was first introduced to England, the British East India Company was not directly trading with China and merchants relied on tea imports from Holland. Because this tea was so expensive and difficult to get, there was very little demand for it, except among the elite who could afford it and made special orders. It was not until after 1700 that the British East India Company began to trade regularly with China and ordering tea, though not in large quantities. The tea trade was actually a side effect of the silk and textile trade because these were the Chinese commodities that were most desired at the time. In 1720, however, Parliament banned the importation of finished Asian textiles and traders began to focus on tea instead.
This new focus marked a turning point for the English tea trade and is arguably why tea became more popular than coffee. Once the British East India company focused on tea as its main import, tea soon attained price stability. Conversely, the price of coffee remained unpredictable and high, allowing tea to grow in popularity before coffee became more accessible. Furthermore, the rising demand for tea and sugar was easily met with increased supply as the tea industry grew in India, which prevented sharp price increases that would have discouraged people from buying it. In fact, the price of tea actually fell as it was becoming more popular among the upper-middle and middle classes. The significant drop in tea’s price between 1720 and 1750 was a major turning point for tea in England. The increase in supply of tea was one of the most important factors that boosted its popularity in Britain and opened up the world of tea to new levels of society. Interestingly, this occurred at the same time that sugar was also dropping in price due to Britain’s extensive sugar plantations in the Caribbean and so the two became closely associated in British culture.
Questions 1-6
Complete the text with the words below. There are more words (8) than you need (6).
Summary:
Tea was a largely unknown 1. commodity in the seventeenth century. Opening in 1706, Twining’s tea shop was the first in London and it helped to popularize the drink. At this time, tea was imported via Holland as there was no direct China trade. This pushed up the price and so 2. _______ was low except for amongst the upper class. After the British parliament banned the trade in Chinese 3. _______ , the East India Company started importing tea in larger amounts. Tea became more accessible for the middle classes and its price 4. _______ dramatically. Unlike tea, the price of coffee 5. _______ which made it less popular. At the same time tea was becoming more popular, so was 6. _______ and that is why many British people like to drink sweet tea.
2.
Skim read the text and then complete the summary below by scanning for the answers.
While tea slowly became more common in coffeehouses during the second half of the 17th century, the first tea shop in London did not open until the early 18th century. Thomas Twining’s tea shop has been claimed as the first, opening in 1706, and still remains at 216 Strand, London, to this day. In between tea’s earliest mentions in England and its widespread popularity little over a century later, many factors contributed to the craze for this previously unknown foreign commodity.
When tea was first introduced to England, the British East India Company was not directly trading with China and merchants relied on tea imports from Holland. Because this tea was so expensive and difficult to get, there was very little demand for it, except among the elite who could afford it and made special orders. It was not until after 1700 that the British East India Company began to trade regularly with China and ordering tea, though not in large quantities. The tea trade was actually a side effect of the silk and textile trade because these were the Chinese commodities that were most desired at the time. In 1720, however, Parliament banned the importation of finished Asian textiles and traders began to focus on tea instead.
This new focus marked a turning point for the English tea trade and is arguably why tea became more popular than coffee. Once the British East India company focused on tea as its main import, tea soon attained price stability. Conversely, the price of coffee remained unpredictable and high, allowing tea to grow in popularity before coffee became more accessible. Furthermore, the rising demand for tea and sugar was easily met with increased supply as the tea industry grew in India, which prevented sharp price increases that would have discouraged people from buying it. In fact, the price of tea actually fell as it was becoming more popular among the upper-middle and middle classes. The significant drop in tea’s price between 1720 and 1750 was a major turning point for tea in England. The increase in supply of tea was one of the most important factors that boosted its popularity in Britain and opened up the world of tea to new levels of society. Interestingly, this occurred at the same time that sugar was also dropping in price due to Britain’s extensive sugar plantations in the Caribbean and so the two became closely associated in British culture.
Questions 1-6
Complete the text with the words below. There are more words (8) than you need (6).
Summary:
Tea was a largely unknown 1. commodity in the seventeenth century. Opening in 1706, Twining’s tea shop was the first in London and it helped to popularize the drink. At this time, tea was imported via Holland as there was no direct China trade. This pushed up the price and so 2. demand was low except for amongst the upper class. After the British parliament banned the trade in Chinese 3. _______ , the East India Company started importing tea in larger amounts. Tea became more accessible for the middle classes and its price 4. _______ dramatically. Unlike tea, the price of coffee 5. _______ which made it less popular. At the same time tea was becoming more popular, so was 6. _______ and that is why many British people like to drink sweet tea.
3.
Skim read the text and then complete the summary below by scanning for the answers.
While tea slowly became more common in coffeehouses during the second half of the 17th century, the first tea shop in London did not open until the early 18th century. Thomas Twining’s tea shop has been claimed as the first, opening in 1706, and still remains at 216 Strand, London, to this day. In between tea’s earliest mentions in England and its widespread popularity little over a century later, many factors contributed to the craze for this previously unknown foreign commodity.
When tea was first introduced to England, the British East India Company was not directly trading with China and merchants relied on tea imports from Holland. Because this tea was so expensive and difficult to get, there was very little demand for it, except among the elite who could afford it and made special orders. It was not until after 1700 that the British East India Company began to trade regularly with China and ordering tea, though not in large quantities. The tea trade was actually a side effect of the silk and textile trade because these were the Chinese commodities that were most desired at the time. In 1720, however, Parliament banned the importation of finished Asian textiles and traders began to focus on tea instead.
This new focus marked a turning point for the English tea trade and is arguably why tea became more popular than coffee. Once the British East India company focused on tea as its main import, tea soon attained price stability. Conversely, the price of coffee remained unpredictable and high, allowing tea to grow in popularity before coffee became more accessible. Furthermore, the rising demand for tea and sugar was easily met with increased supply as the tea industry grew in India, which prevented sharp price increases that would have discouraged people from buying it. In fact, the price of tea actually fell as it was becoming more popular among the upper-middle and middle classes. The significant drop in tea’s price between 1720 and 1750 was a major turning point for tea in England. The increase in supply of tea was one of the most important factors that boosted its popularity in Britain and opened up the world of tea to new levels of society. Interestingly, this occurred at the same time that sugar was also dropping in price due to Britain’s extensive sugar plantations in the Caribbean and so the two became closely associated in British culture.
Questions 1-6
Complete the text with the words below. There are more words (8) than you need (6).
Summary:
Tea was a largely unknown 1. commodity in the seventeenth century. Opening in 1706, Twining’s tea shop was the first in London and it helped to popularize the drink. At this time, tea was imported via Holland as there was no direct China trade. This pushed up the price and so 2. demand was low except for amongst the upper class. After the British parliament banned the trade in Chinese 3. fabrics, the East India Company started importing tea in larger amounts. Tea became more accessible for the middle classes and its price 4. _______ dramatically. Unlike tea, the price of coffee 5. _______ which made it less popular. At the same time tea was becoming more popular, so was 6. _______ and that is why many British people like to drink sweet tea.
4.
Skim read the text and then complete the summary below by scanning for the answers.
While tea slowly became more common in coffeehouses during the second half of the 17th century, the first tea shop in London did not open until the early 18th century. Thomas Twining’s tea shop has been claimed as the first, opening in 1706, and still remains at 216 Strand, London, to this day. In between tea’s earliest mentions in England and its widespread popularity little over a century later, many factors contributed to the craze for this previously unknown foreign commodity.
When tea was first introduced to England, the British East India Company was not directly trading with China and merchants relied on tea imports from Holland. Because this tea was so expensive and difficult to get, there was very little demand for it, except among the elite who could afford it and made special orders. It was not until after 1700 that the British East India Company began to trade regularly with China and ordering tea, though not in large quantities. The tea trade was actually a side effect of the silk and textile trade because these were the Chinese commodities that were most desired at the time. In 1720, however, Parliament banned the importation of finished Asian textiles and traders began to focus on tea instead.
This new focus marked a turning point for the English tea trade and is arguably why tea became more popular than coffee. Once the British East India company focused on tea as its main import, tea soon attained price stability. Conversely, the price of coffee remained unpredictable and high, allowing tea to grow in popularity before coffee became more accessible. Furthermore, the rising demand for tea and sugar was easily met with increased supply as the tea industry grew in India, which prevented sharp price increases that would have discouraged people from buying it. In fact, the price of tea actually fell as it was becoming more popular among the upper-middle and middle classes. The significant drop in tea’s price between 1720 and 1750 was a major turning point for tea in England. The increase in supply of tea was one of the most important factors that boosted its popularity in Britain and opened up the world of tea to new levels of society. Interestingly, this occurred at the same time that sugar was also dropping in price due to Britain’s extensive sugar plantations in the Caribbean and so the two became closely associated in British culture.
Questions 1-6
Complete the text with the words below. There are more words (8) than you need (6).
Summary:
Tea was a largely unknown 1. commodity in the seventeenth century. Opening in 1706, Twining’s tea shop was the first in London and it helped to popularize the drink. At this time, tea was imported via Holland as there was no direct China trade. This pushed up the price and so 2. demand was low except for amongst the upper class. After the British parliament banned the trade in Chinese 3. fabrics, the East India Company started importing tea in larger amounts. Tea became more accessible for the middle classes and its price 4. fell dramatically. Unlike tea, the price of coffee 5. _______ which made it less popular. At the same time tea was becoming more popular, so was 6. _______ and that is why many British people like to drink sweet tea.
5.
Skim read the text and then complete the summary below by scanning for the answers.
While tea slowly became more common in coffeehouses during the second half of the 17th century, the first tea shop in London did not open until the early 18th century. Thomas Twining’s tea shop has been claimed as the first, opening in 1706, and still remains at 216 Strand, London, to this day. In between tea’s earliest mentions in England and its widespread popularity little over a century later, many factors contributed to the craze for this previously unknown foreign commodity.
When tea was first introduced to England, the British East India Company was not directly trading with China and merchants relied on tea imports from Holland. Because this tea was so expensive and difficult to get, there was very little demand for it, except among the elite who could afford it and made special orders. It was not until after 1700 that the British East India Company began to trade regularly with China and ordering tea, though not in large quantities. The tea trade was actually a side effect of the silk and textile trade because these were the Chinese commodities that were most desired at the time. In 1720, however, Parliament banned the importation of finished Asian textiles and traders began to focus on tea instead.
This new focus marked a turning point for the English tea trade and is arguably why tea became more popular than coffee. Once the British East India company focused on tea as its main import, tea soon attained price stability. Conversely, the price of coffee remained unpredictable and high, allowing tea to grow in popularity before coffee became more accessible. Furthermore, the rising demand for tea and sugar was easily met with increased supply as the tea industry grew in India, which prevented sharp price increases that would have discouraged people from buying it. In fact, the price of tea actually fell as it was becoming more popular among the upper-middle and middle classes. The significant drop in tea’s price between 1720 and 1750 was a major turning point for tea in England. The increase in supply of tea was one of the most important factors that boosted its popularity in Britain and opened up the world of tea to new levels of society. Interestingly, this occurred at the same time that sugar was also dropping in price due to Britain’s extensive sugar plantations in the Caribbean and so the two became closely associated in British culture.
Questions 1-6
Complete the text with the words below. There are more words (8) than you need (6).
Summary:
Tea was a largely unknown 1. commodity in the seventeenth century. Opening in 1706, Twining’s tea shop was the first in London and it helped to popularize the drink. At this time, tea was imported via Holland as there was no direct China trade. This pushed up the price and so 2. demand was low except for amongst the upper class. After the British parliament banned the trade in Chinese 3. fabrics, the East India Company started importing tea in larger amounts. Tea became more accessible for the middle classes and its price 4. fell dramatically. Unlike tea, the price of coffee 5. fluctuated which made it less popular. At the same time tea was becoming more popular, so was 6. _______ and that is why many British people like to drink sweet tea.
6.
Read the following text and type ‘yes’ if the statement agrees with the writer, ‘no’ if the statement disagrees with the writer or ‘not given’ if the writer’s opinion is not clear.
Mars is the focus of much scientific study about possible human colonization. Mars’s surface conditions and past presence of liquid water make it arguably the most hospitable planet in the Solar System besides Earth. Some people believe that it is possible that there was life on Mars in the past and possibly still is in the form of bacteria below the surface. However, conclusive evidence is yet to be found. Another factor which makes Mars good for colonization is that other than Venus, Mars requires less energy to reach from Earth than any other planet which is very important considering the price tag for each kilo of material from Earth that would need to be sent there. Food, fuel and building materials would all need to be sent and this could cost an awful lot of money.
Permanent human habitation on other planets, including Mars, is one of science fiction’s most prevalent themes. As technology advances, and concerns about humanity’s future on Earth increase, particularly worries about catastrophic climate change, arguments favoring space colonization gain momentum. Other reasons for colonizing space include economic interests, long-term scientific research best carried out by humans as opposed to robotic probes, and sheer curiosity.
Both private and public organizations have made commitments to researching the possibility of long-term colonization efforts and to taking steps toward a permanent human presence on Mars. However, new technology will need to be developed and a lot of money will need to be allocated for colonization to become a reality. It is a task that may be easier for a group of nations to achieve rather than one single nation. Hopefully one-day humanity will spread out from Earth together in a spirit of collaboration and fraternity to further science and the boundaries of human understanding. The first stop should be Mars.
Glossary:
Colonization: (noun) the process of sending people to start a new settlement in a new area
Read the following text and type ‘yes’ if the statement agrees with the writer, ‘no’ if the statement disagrees with the writer or ‘not given’ if the writer’s opinion is not clear.
Mars is the focus of much scientific study about possible human colonization. Mars’s surface conditions and past presence of liquid water make it arguably the most hospitable planet in the Solar System besides Earth. Some people believe that it is possible that there was life on Mars in the past and possibly still is in the form of bacteria below the surface. However, conclusive evidence is yet to be found. Another factor which makes Mars good for colonization is that other than Venus, Mars requires less energy to reach from Earth than any other planet which is very important considering the price tag for each kilo of material from Earth that would need to be sent there. Food, fuel and building materials would all need to be sent and this could cost an awful lot of money.
Permanent human habitation on other planets, including Mars, is one of science fiction’s most prevalent themes. As technology advances, and concerns about humanity’s future on Earth increase, particularly worries about catastrophic climate change, arguments favoring space colonization gain momentum. Other reasons for colonizing space include economic interests, long-term scientific research best carried out by humans as opposed to robotic probes, and sheer curiosity.
Both private and public organizations have made commitments to researching the possibility of long-term colonization efforts and to taking steps toward a permanent human presence on Mars. However, new technology will need to be developed and a lot of money will need to be allocated for colonization to become a reality. It is a task that may be easier for a group of nations to achieve rather than one single nation. Hopefully one-day humanity will spread out from Earth together in a spirit of collaboration and fraternity to further science and the boundaries of human understanding. The first stop should be Mars.
Glossary:
Colonization: (noun) the process of sending people to start a new settlement in a new area
8. There was alien life on mars in the past.
Read the following text and type ‘yes’ if the statement agrees with the writer, ‘no’ if the statement disagrees with the writer or ‘not given’ if the writer’s opinion is not clear.
Mars is the focus of much scientific study about possible human colonization. Mars’s surface conditions and past presence of liquid water make it arguably the most hospitable planet in the Solar System besides Earth. Some people believe that it is possible that there was life on Mars in the past and possibly still is in the form of bacteria below the surface. However, conclusive evidence is yet to be found. Another factor which makes Mars good for colonization is that other than Venus, Mars requires less energy to reach from Earth than any other planet which is very important considering the price tag for each kilo of material from Earth that would need to be sent there. Food, fuel and building materials would all need to be sent and this could cost an awful lot of money.
Permanent human habitation on other planets, including Mars, is one of science fiction’s most prevalent themes. As technology advances, and concerns about humanity’s future on Earth increase, particularly worries about catastrophic climate change, arguments favoring space colonization gain momentum. Other reasons for colonizing space include economic interests, long-term scientific research best carried out by humans as opposed to robotic probes, and sheer curiosity.
Both private and public organizations have made commitments to researching the possibility of long-term colonization efforts and to taking steps toward a permanent human presence on Mars. However, new technology will need to be developed and a lot of money will need to be allocated for colonization to become a reality. It is a task that may be easier for a group of nations to achieve rather than one single nation. Hopefully one-day humanity will spread out from Earth together in a spirit of collaboration and fraternity to further science and the boundaries of human understanding. The first stop should be Mars.
Glossary:
Colonization: (noun) the process of sending people to start a new settlement in a new area
9. More people are considering colonizing Mars due to possible future serious impacts of global warming.
Read the following text and type ‘yes’ if the statement agrees with the writer, ‘no’ if the statement disagrees with the writer or ‘not given’ if the writer’s opinion is not clear.
Mars is the focus of much scientific study about possible human colonization. Mars’s surface conditions and past presence of liquid water make it arguably the most hospitable planet in the Solar System besides Earth. Some people believe that it is possible that there was life on Mars in the past and possibly still is in the form of bacteria below the surface. However, conclusive evidence is yet to be found. Another factor which makes Mars good for colonization is that other than Venus, Mars requires less energy to reach from Earth than any other planet which is very important considering the price tag for each kilo of material from Earth that would need to be sent there. Food, fuel and building materials would all need to be sent and this could cost an awful lot of money.
Permanent human habitation on other planets, including Mars, is one of science fiction’s most prevalent themes. As technology advances, and concerns about humanity’s future on Earth increase, particularly worries about catastrophic climate change, arguments favoring space colonization gain momentum. Other reasons for colonizing space include economic interests, long-term scientific research best carried out by humans as opposed to robotic probes, and sheer curiosity.
Both private and public organizations have made commitments to researching the possibility of long-term colonization efforts and to taking steps toward a permanent human presence on Mars. However, new technology will need to be developed and a lot of money will need to be allocated for colonization to become a reality. It is a task that may be easier for a group of nations to achieve rather than one single nation. Hopefully one-day humanity will spread out from Earth together in a spirit of collaboration and fraternity to further science and the boundaries of human understanding. The first stop should be Mars.
Glossary:
Colonization: (noun) the process of sending people to start a new settlement in a new area
10. Competition between countries is likely to make colonization easier.